Male Breast Conditions

Jogger’s Nipple

Jogger’s nipple is a common condition in males caused by irritation of the nipple due to prolonged, intense exercise in humid or hot temperatures. The repetitive motion of the nipples rubbing against clothing can lead to symptoms such as pain, redness, and bleeding. While alarming and painful, jogger’s nipple is benign (non-cancerous) and there are simple remedies to help relieve symptoms. Applying petroleum jelly, protecting with a bandage(anti-chafe protection), or running with fitted, breathable clothing that doesn’t slide and rub against that chest are a few options to help decrease the condition.

Gynecomastia

Gynecomastia is the enlargement of breast tissue in males. It is usually benign and reversible, but should be evaluated by a specialist to rule out any underlying disease or hormonal changes. Gynecomastia can be correlated with being overweight. However, true gynecomastia is the enlargement of breast glandular tissue caused by hormonal fluctuation. A slight shift in the balance of testosterone and estrogen in men can cause breast tissue to grow.

Other causes of gynecomastia include liver disease and side effects from certain types of medications, such as anti-androgens, anti-anxiety drugs, and some heart, ulcer, and prostate medications, as well as antibiotics. It is important to let your provider know what medications you are currently taking in order to rule out any adverse reactions. The use of marijuana, amphetamines, and heroin can also cause gynecomastia.

Pseudogynecomastia

Pseudogynecomastia is a condition where there is an increase in fat but not glandular tissue in male breasts. This condition is often associated with obesity and can be distinguished from true gynecomastia by a healthcare professional.

Male Breast Cancer

While it is rare in men, breast cancer can and does occur. Less than 1% of all breast cancers occur in men. The most common symptoms of male breast cancer are finding a palpable lump, changes to the nipple, nipple discharge, or skin thickening2. Risk factors associated with developing male breast cancer include age, having high estrogen levels due to being overweight, taking hormonal supplementation, or having liver disease. Just like in women, it is important for men to understand their genetic risk factors and family history of breast and ovarian cancer in order to effectively determine their likelihood of developing breast cancer.

Mastitis

Mastitis is an inflammation of the breast tissue that can occur in men, although it is more common in women. It can be caused by an infection, injury, or irritation. Symptoms include pain, swelling, redness, and warmth in the affected area. Treatment typically involves antibiotics if an infection is present, along with pain relief measures.

Lipoma

A lipoma is a benign (non-cancerous) tumor made up of fat tissue. It can occur in the breast and is usually soft, movable, and painless. Lipomas are generally harmless and do not require treatment unless they cause discomfort or cosmetic concerns.